To escape this, we have to adapt to the new situation by exploring and developing our understanding. Their whole view of the world may shift. These schemas, as patterns of behaviour, Piaget concluded, form the basis of children’s exploration and play and are a four-part process: 1. However, they were learning to use language or to think of the world symbolically. Although the ages associated with the developmental stages may vary, the sequence must be followed. (1971). Like Piaget, Bartlett also argued that memories are largely dependent on the use of schemas. . 2. McGraw-Hill. As he delved deeper into the thought-processes of doing science, he became interested in the nature of thought itself, especially in. The metaphor I use to explain a “schema” is to imagine your mind is a filing cabinet, or your computer’s hard-drive. Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist known best for his studies in child development, introduced the concept of schemas in cognitive development theory. Schemas are categories of information stored in long-term memory. Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and. Anderson and Pearson (1984, p. Piaget's theory of childhood cognitive development indicates that children <8 years old do not achieve a logical thinking, hindering their ability to understand the questionnaire. A schema is a category of knowledge, or mental template, that a child develops to understand the world. For example, in the colorless liquid task, adolescents were presented with four colorless liquids and had to find out what combination of them resulted in a. Assimilation: Piaget used this term to explain ‘adding new knowledge’ to our knowledge bank (cognitive schemata). ONE system is one mental structure that helps organize knowledge toward categories or understand and interpret new information. According to Piaget, accommodation refers to A. Piaget developed the stages by following the children and coming to the following conclusions ( 6 ): 1. According to his theory, a child would modify, add or change the existing schemas as new information or experiences occur. According to Piaget schemas can then be repeated and tested. Preoperational. By doing this we achieve equilibrium; the. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development. According to Piaget’s own definition of schema, from his 1952 book The origins of intelligence in children, they are,. Intelligence is both egocentric and intuitive. He believed that people are constantly adapting to the environment as they take in new information and learn new things. Dalgleish (2004, p. sensorimotor (birth-2yrs) 2. 1 11. He was considered an important child development theorist back then. Schema- A pattern of thought or behavior that organizes information into categories (the framework by which we organize and interpret new information) Mental Model- An. Piaget's theory states that as our brains mature, we build schemas or mental moulds into which we save our experiences. The word schema comes from the Greek word “σχήμα” (skhēma), which means shape, or more generally, plan. During the 1970s, schema theory gained prominence as reading researchers took up early work by cognitive scientists to explore the role of schemas in reading. Piaget, 1926), there was unanimous agreement among current schema theo-rists, including Neisser, that modern uses of the concepts of schema and con-. There is not yet scientific consensus on. According to Piaget, adaptation is a process through which we absorb new knowledge or adjust our cognitive schemas in the presence of information that cannot fit into the existing cognitive schema. Cognitive Schema: Piaget stated that a cognitive schema is a packet of knowledge that we have in our mind. Schemas continue to change over time as people experience new things. " Schemas are a way of organising knowledge, a way of learning, each relating to one of the world's aspects, like an object, action or abstract concept. For example, a child may have a schema about a type of animal, such as a dog. Definition: Schema theory is a retail of wahrnehmung physics concerned with how the. When the child visits a farm for the first time, they may see a cow. Piaget’s stage that coincides with early childhood is the preoperational stage. One of Piaget's theories involves the concept of schema and how it is used by children to understand the world around them. According to Piaget (1952, as cited in Aloqaili, A. A reader is able to comprehend at a higher level when he or she has a well-developed schema that relates to the content being. Stage 1: Gender labelling. Schema theory is a branch regarding cognitive science. What you need is a strong magnet, a log slice, a wooden stick, a drill, and some super glue. The term “schema” (plural: schemata [UK], or sometimes schemas [USA]) is used in the sciences of learning and cognition to designate a psychological construct that accounts for the molar forms of. The Context – Meet Upsy Daisy! 4. Piaget's theory of cognitive development: schemas, assimilation, accommodation, equilibration, stages of intellectual development. [23] (Also, See Appendix A). It would later become incorporated into what became cognitive psychology. Definition of schema theory. Behaviorism and Motivation. Cognitive development, for him, is a succession of constructions with constant elaborations of novel structures. Schema, a core concept of Piaget’s genetic epistemology, refers to the way the world is perceived, interpreted, and reflected upon. Learn more around how they work, plus instance. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a renowned psychologist of the 20th century and a pioneer in developmental child psychology. EST assists clients in enhancing their ability to recognize. Instead, he believed a child’s knowledge and understanding of the world developed over time. In Piaget's view, the purpose of intelligence was to help humans adapt to the environment. An example is the child who refers. Schema activation is generally recognized as the process in which some textual stimuli signal the direction or. "In Piaget’s view, a schema includes both a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining that knowledge. Whereas the schema is a behavioral adaptation develops through maturation as the child becomes increasingly able to think in a more complicated way. For example, a child may see a cow and say “Look! A Horse!”. The theory tries to explain how knowledge is created and used by individuals. Learn continue about how your work, plus past. Cultural schema theory is a cognitive theory that explains how people organize and process information about events and objects in their cultural environment. A schema is a mental structure that helps us organize and categorize information, make predictions and decisions, and draw conclusions. During this stage, children can think. And Piaget said that this happened through the process of assimilation and accommodation. Need a respond to a new event by modifying the existing schema, so that it fits the. Kohlberg’s stages of gender development. Schemas are like the. It may be seen in children, immigrants, and anyone at any stage of life who wants to evaluate and absorb new information. 3. Assimilation Psychology Definition. It requires the organization of ideas, the ability to critique arguments, and examine the pros and cons of a wide range of issues. Hier zou het kind capaciteiten vergaren, maar vroeg of laat zou die vergaring zijn manier van denken kwalitatief veranderen. Stages development. Schema refers to a set of knowledge that is built based on experiences. They are mental concepts which are used to recognize and develop an understanding of otherwise complex objects and ideas, from recognizing people, animals and objects in our immediate environment, to processing other types of. Schemas, Assimilation, and Accommodation explains Piaget’s theory of constructing schemas through adaptation. Piaget did not accept the prevailing theory that knowledge was innate or a priori . Bartlett (1932) emphasized this aspect of Head and Holmes' definition as its crucial feature, and Piaget (1952) expanded upon the adaptability of schemas by identifying two means by which schemas could be altered: (1) assimilation, and (2) accommodation. For instance, they are likely to infer that someone the same gender as themselves will share similar interests, values, and beliefs, and that they will likely follow gender stereotypes. 📧 Sign up for our FREE eZine: (or schemata) are a common concept i. Psychologists define assimilation as one of two ways people absorb knowledge. 431) makes an interesting distinction between a figurative schema and an operative scheme. Initially, they see rules as unchangeable and imposed by authorities ("heteronomous morality"). Piaget described schemas as basic building blocks to understand the world and organize knowledge. Preoperational. that a useful distinction can be made between structural schema theories, that define schémas as static, long-term memory templates, and functional schema theories, that view schémas as. Although, Piaget was a biologist for many years he is most known for his work with child development. Following are. Orientation. It helps us to see how gender is a category in the mind, which we call a schema. More. Definition. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development includes the concept of accommodation. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) – credit as first to create a. The concept of a schema was developed by Jean Piaget, and he applied schemas to his theory of cognitive. Schema theory states that people store and organize knowledge in the form of units, based on their individual experiences. the process of fitting objects and experiences into one's schemas. Symbolic thought. Gender schema theory also holds that individuals will develop broader “gender theories” that they apply when they lack information. In addition to learning and remembering, schemas have also been linked to achievement in reading comprehension [2, 3]. The experiments he conducted were focused on children’s concepts of numbers, shapes, time, and justice when asked a question, rather than focusing on. 2. According to Piaget, knowledge is acquired through action, either physical or mental. Scaffolding, cooperative learning, self regulated learning, discovery learning. Though they are similar words, they are not the same and they mean different. Piaget's theory proposed that children progress through four major stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage. When new information. , 2011) equilibrium is a balance between two other processes namely; assimilation and accommodation. His cogitations on cognitive. conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world. that a useful distinction can be made between structural schema theories, that define schémas as static, long-term memory templates, and functional schema theories, that view schémas as. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980). Here, the child’s schema of ‘horse’ is likely based on the fact it’s a rather large animal with four legs that hangs out in a paddock. What Are Schemas in Piaget’s Theory? 4 Examples Although the way children understand the world can change greatly between stages, a constant feature. The adaptation process is a critical part of cognitive development. It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of. Infants quickly develop a schema for. , 2016). Think of this as filling existing containers. what is the motivation to learn. Piaget emphasized the importance of schemas in cognitive development and described how they were developed or acquired. to Piaget: cog development is development of ever more complex schema systems. Learn more about how they work, plus examples. Piaget’s stages of development are: Stage. Definition. Consider, for example, how small children learn. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development describes cognitive disequilibrium as a state of cognitive imbalance [ 1 ]. A schema is a knowledge structure that allows organisms to interpret and understand the world around them. P. Rather than passively receiving information, learners reflect on their experiences, create mental representations, and incorporate new knowledge into their schemas. However, if one adopts the narrower usage one has to accept that. Key Concepts Relating to Piaget's Schema Theory. During this phase, infants and toddlers primarily learn through sensory experiences and manipulating objects. Cognitive Schema Definition - A schema is a mental structure that serves as a framework for organising information about individuals, locations, things, and events. Accommodation is a process of adaptation by which the pre-existing schema is altered in order to fit in the new knowledge. According to Piaget (1962), a slow schema change occurs to the point where existing schemas become untenable as valid representations of the experienced world. When we intentionally help students build schema, we can solve both problems. Stage movement is an important factor ofPiaget's definition of intelligence, because Piaget states there are a specificset of criteria that must be met. A child may only put bright red objects within this. pre-operational (2-7) 3. At this point in development, children know the. 1: Children studying. Schemas are cognitive frameworks that help us to organise and interpret information. The structures are constructed by means of certain mental mechanisms including interiorization, encapsulation, de-encapsulation, coordination, reversal, generalization, and thematization. Children have much more of a challenge in maintaining this balance because they are constantly being confronted with new. Definition. 3. We argue that schema theorists have inadequately explored the issue of schema origination. Criticisms. Assimilation: when new information is modified to fit into pre-existing schemas. According to Piaget schemas can then be repeated and tested. Piaget to refer to our, well, abstract concepts. 14663. He based his theories on observations he. However, schema theory does not provide an account of the new representation one develops of a town as one travels through it for the first time. Piaget’s theory is founded on genetic epistemology. [9] In Piaget's later publications, action (operative or procedural) schémes were distinguished from figurative (representational). Age. An example of a schema could be "things that are red". Piaget was a psychological constructivist: in his view, learning proceeded by the interplay of assimilation (adjusting new experiences to fit prior concepts) and accommodation. When an object is hidden from sight, such as by covering it. Schemas are repeated patterns of behaviour which, over time and with lots of repetition and exposure develop into ideas and concepts. The word operation refers to the use of. Children can identify themselves and other people as girls or boys (mummies or daddies). Schema: the mental framework stored in memory containing basic knowledge about the concepts we know, used to guide perception, interpretation, problem solving, imagination and day-to-day interactions. Deprivation of Protection: Absence of strength, direction, or guidance from others. A schema (whose plural form is schemata) is a general idea about something. 2. They are fascinated with how they, and objects move. The theory outlines four distinct stages from birth through adolescence, focusing on how children acquire knowledge, reasoning, language, morals, and memory. A schema is a knowledge structure that allows organisms to interpret and understand the world around them. J Piaget. The theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence first developed by Jean Piaget. Object permanence, or object constancy, in developmental psychology is understanding that things continue to exist, even if you cannot seem them. According to Woolfolk, Winne and Perry (2003), Piaget also introduces other important construct, named schema to the realm of psychology and education. Learn additional about how they work, plus examples. It helps us to see how gender is a category in the mind, which we call a schema. In Piaget’s epistemology, cognitive schemas are acquired and formed through a process of internalization conceived of as a functional incorporation of the regular structure of actions into the memory (Piaget 1954). In both fields of application, the basic assumption. This is part of the adaptation process. 7 to 11 years old. Schema Theory Jeff Pankin Fall 2013 Basic Concepts Definition: Schema theory is a branch of cognitive science concerned with how the brain structures knowledge. Preoperational. Preoperational stage: Ages 2 to 7. Accommodation describes how we later adjust our schemas to better incorporate new experiences. Schemas (or schemata) refer to a type of cognitive heuristic which facilitates our understanding of our environment. A schema is a pattern of learning, linking perceptions, ideas and actions to make sense of the world. On the other hand, it restricts our immediate cognition by determining what we can know about and what we cannot. In general, all theorists studying cognitive development address three main issues: The typical course of cognitive development. Schema theory describes how knowledge is acquired, processed and organized. Schema theory is a branch of cognitive science concerned with how the brain structures knowledge. As experiences unfold, this fresh knowledge is applied to alter, supplement, or add to pre-existing schemas. People, he believed, are constantly adapting to their surroundings as they learn new things and take in new information. Children will often throw objects or food from their pram or highchair. AMPERE schema belongs a mental structuring that helps order knowledge with categories and understand and interpret new related. ”. He wrote many papers by the young age of 21, and he is known for his work with mollusks (Atherton, 2009). Old schemas may be changed and, in some cases, entirely new schemas may be formed. Schema. Jean Piaget (1896–1980) is another stage theorist who studied childhood development (Figure 1). The mental structures proposed by APOS Theory are actions, processes, objects, and schemas (and thus the acronym APOS). C. concrete operational (7-11) 4. They’re also called “cognitive frameworks” as they are a system for categorizing and organizing information and memory. Piaget proposed a stage theory of cognitive development that utilized schemas as one of its key components. In cognitive and educational psychology, schema-based. salient features of schema theory, and we trace the origins of schema as a construct and as related to research in the literacy field. As children progress through the stages of development, their schemas. What Are Schemas in Piaget’s Theory? 4 Examples Although the way children understand the world can change greatly between stages, a constant feature between stages is the underlying framework that is updated by the different methods of interpreting and learning about the world used in each stage. Piaget schemas or schemata can be defined as cognitive bases and frames of references. This is a fundamental concept studied in the field of developmental psychology, the subfield of psychology that addresses the development of young children's social and mental capacities. Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who created theories of cognitive development. A sensorimotor schema is a psychological construct which gathers together the perceptions and associated actions involved in the performance of one of the habitual behaviors in the infant’s repertoire. salient features of schema theory, and we trace the origins of schema as a construct and as related to research in the literacy field. Piaget ‘defined schemas as cognitive structures or mental maps’ He believed these function at the four levels of the stage level theory. Jean Piaget definition of the cognitive development is . Piaget proposed that children are born with a small number of schemas but construct new schemas during infancy, including the 'me-schema' in which all the child's knowledge about themselves is stored. Different types of schema create the wireframe for the world that we experience individually: self-schema, event schema, object schema, role schema, gender schema, and persona schema. Piaget verdeelde de cognitieve ontwikkeling van het kind in eerste instantie in drie fasen met een reeks sub-fasen, later werden dit er vier. As we encounter things in our environment, we develop additional schemas, such as babbling, crawling, etc. Schema: Definition och ursprung. Schema theory is ampere limb of cognitive science concerned with how the head building knowledge. Later, they recognize that rules are created by people and can be negotiated, leading to a more autonomous and cooperative understanding of. Piaget proposed four major stages of cognitive development, and called them (1) sensorimotor intelligence, (2) preoperational thinking, (3) concrete operational thinking, and (4) formal operational thinking. cognitive psychologist. Schema. Efficient comprehension requires the ability to relate the textual material to one's own knowledge. The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget used the concept of equilibrium to describe one of four critical factors in cognitive. Piaget placed great importance on the. Sie sind ziel- und handlungsorientiert, von Emotionen begleitet, und führen zu charakteristischen Kognitionen. Ob diese Interpretation seines Denkens plausibel und brauchbar ist, muss der Leser entscheiden. According to Jean Piaget, 6 substages occur within the sensorimotor stage. A schema is a mental texture that helps manage knowledge into categories and understand and interpret new information. symbolic thought. Reversibility is a concept from Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. In physical, an schema is a cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information in the world about us. The goals of each stage are understanding: object permanence. Instead, he believed a child’s knowledge and understanding of the world developed over time, through the child’s interaction with the. For Piaget, a schema is a process of learning new knowledge and the category to which knowledge belongs. They are created and developed as and when children interact with their physical and social environments [7]. Piaget was the first psychologist who developed the concept of schema into a theory of cognitive development. 22 We excluded. The term “schema” was introduced by Piaget in 1926. Piaget described it simply as the “way we see the. , sucking, eye movements) to an infant with increasingly complex repetitive behavior (circular reaction) that eventually. They are mental concepts which are used to recognize and develop an understanding of otherwise complex objects and ideas, from recognizing people, animals and objects in our immediate environment, to processing other types of. The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come to acquire, construct, and. As with the more generalized. B. Teacher must put emphasis on the significant role that experiences-or connections with the adjoining atmosphere-play in student education. Debate. The starting assumption of this theory is that “ very act of comprehension involves one’s knowledge of the world ” 4). A current schema can be built on and and become more complex. The word operation refers to the use of logical rules, so sometimes this stage is misinterpreted as implying that children are illogical. Jean Piaget coined the term assimilation to describe the process for how we add information or experiences into our existing structures of knowledge or schemas. He studied child development by assigning. A schema is a mental structure that helps us organize and categorize information, make predictions and decisions, and draw conclusions. The word schema comes from the Greek word “σχήμα” (skhēma), which means shape, or more generally, plan. Contributors and Attributions. He defined a schema as: “A. Piaget referred to the building blocks of knowledge as schemas, which are units of understanding that build upon one another and can be linked together to organize new information, relationships. Because Piaget depicted the emergence of formal reasoning skills in adolescence as part of the normal developmental pattern, many constructivists have assumed that intrinsic motivation is possible for all academic tasks. This grouping of things acts as a cognitive shortcut, making storing new things in your long-term memory and retrieval of them much quicker and more efficient. . Video 6. ( [1]) Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a renowned psychologist of the 20th century and a pioneer in developmental psychology. As infants, we are born with certain innate schemas, such as. The schema definition in psychology is the cognitive framework that allows a person to. Piaget believed that children undergo four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stage. 4. Gender schema theory brings the theoretical work of Piaget and cognitive theory (see: assimilation, accommodation, types of schema) to the world of gender studies. These schemas, as patterns of behaviour, Piaget concluded, form the basis of children’s exploration and play and are a four-part process: 1. At this point in development, children know the world primarily through their senses and movements. the child to the cognitive development. As Anderson (1977, p. The formal operational stage is the fourth and final stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This process of accommodation is universal, applying to children as well as adults. schemas, frameworks, and more. A schema, or scheme, is an abstract concept proposed by J. Schemas are higher-level cognitive units that are acquired through slow learning. Deprivation of Empathy: Absence of understanding, listening, self-disclosure, or mutual sharing of feelings from others. According to Piaget (1962), a slow schema change occurs to the point where existing schemas become untenable as valid representations of the experienced world. He theorized that, development predates learning. Gender schema theory brings the theoretical work of Piaget and cognitive theory (see: assimilation, accommodation, types of schema) to the world of gender studies. He explained that the shift. This gender information is stored in our memory to make it more consistent with existing gender schemas. Gender schema theory is a cognitive theory to explain how individuals become gendered in society, and how sex-linked characteristics are maintained and transmitted to other members of a culture. Piaget's four types of play & What they mean for a child’s. Piaget’s Second Stage: The Preoperational Stage. Piaget called Schemas the basic building block of intelligent behavior, a way of organizing knowledge. Importantly, schemas are not static, and they can be. Assimilation is a process of adaptation by which new knowledge is taken into the pre-existing schema. their idea of what a puppy is changing to be a more specific definition. Modifying a schema (an apple with more seeds) is called ‘accommodation’, as is forming a new schema (tomato). Vygotsky believed social language and egocentric speech play an important role in children's development. The Cognitive Perspective: The Roots of Understanding. The sequence of the four stages is in the same order for all children but might not be at the same rate, as some children might take longer to achieve a stage. It involves the processes of assimilation (fitting new information into existing mental schemas) and accommodation (adjusting or changing a schema to fit new information). 3. However, schemata can influence and hamper the uptake of new information and cause memory distortion. As with the more generalized. For example, 2-year-old Abdul learned the schema for dogs because. The concept of schemas in early childhood originated from psychologist Jean Piaget who theorised that schemas are cognitive frameworks or concepts that help people organize and interpret information. Assimilation: Piaget used this term to explain ‘adding new knowledge’ to our knowledge bank (cognitive schemata). Baldwin proposed that. The term schema is credited to Jean Piaget. dependent on how the c hild interacts with the . It is in the preoperational stage where learning takes place through play. Schemas are mental models found in long-term memory. Assimilation: when new information is modified to fit into pre-existing schemas. A schema can be discrete and specific, or sequential and elaborate. background of Jean Piaget, definition of terms, the structure with its emphasis on the formal . It includes both the category of knowledge and the process of obtaining that knowledge. The term action schema (s) refers to a central concept of Piagetian epistemology and intellectual development as well as to a variety of techniques and languages for modeling sequential decision-making problems within the realm of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI). For the former, the activity of data modeling leads to a schema. Jean Piaget, a Swiss clinical psychologist who was one of the first to talk about schemas in psychology, would call the child calling the apple a tomato ‘assimilation’ – responding in ways that match existing schema. Piaget's Stages of Development. Helping Dispose Of Garbage. It is primarily known as a developmental. Piaget's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology". Piaget proposed a stage. Development of language, memory, and imagination. Piaget argued that children learn about the world by interacting with it. Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development is called the preoperationalstage and coincides with ages 2-7 (following the sensorimotor stage). This notion of gaining knowledge about the world is known as. According to schema theory, comprehending a text is an interactive process between the reader’s background knowledge and the text. A schema (plural: schemata, or schemas ), also known as a scheme (plural: schemes ), is a linguistic “template”, “frame”, or “pattern” together with a rule for using it to specify a potentially infinite multitude of phrases, sentences, or arguments, which are called instances of the schema. The concrete operational stage is the third stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. People use schemata (the plural of schema) to categorize objects and events based on common elements and characteristics and thus interpret and predict the world. In psychology, a schema is one cognitive general that helping organize and interpret information in the world around uses. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development put the concept at the forefront of cognitive science. In order to adapt to the evolving environment around us, humans rely on cognition, both adapting to the environment and also transforming it. Assimilation – children construct a schema about the world based on their current knowledge and experiences. A good contemporary definition of schema can be found in Wikipedia “In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (plural schemata or schemas), describes an organized pattern of thought or behavior. Contemporary conceptions of schema evolved in. In terms of cognition & development, Piaget viewed schemas as the basic unit or building block of intelligent behavior. During this phase, infants and toddlers primarily learn through sensory experiences and manipulating objects. C. Birth to 6 weeks. Successful resolution. According to Piaget's theory, this process is what facilitates growth through each of the four developmental stages. Assimilation referred to interpretation of events according to existing cognitive structures/schema. Schemas are used in logic to. Stage 2 – Primary Circular Reactions. dependent on how the c hild interacts with the . preoperational. Psychology Press. . This is important because it establishes how people are going to take in new concepts, schemas,. If I come across new. Vygotsky. Piaget’s Constructivist Theory and Four Stages of Development . Schemas aid in the organisation of people's understanding of the. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development includes discussion of cognitive schemas, or mental representations. . Different types of schema create the wireframe for the world that we experience individually: self-schema, event schema, object schema, role schema, gender schema, and persona schema. 7 to 11 years old. Piaget thought schemas to have this ability to change as people process more experiences. During the preoperational stage, many of the child’s existing schemas will be challenged, expanded, and rearranged. Piaget held that the child takes on the role of a scientist while Vygotsky held that the child takes on the role of an assistant. For Piaget, a schema is a process of learning new knowledge and the category to which knowledge belongs. What Is a Schema in Psychology? Definition and Examples. Young edifice their general schema am interested in how objects look from varying corners and perspectives. 3. Piaget. The mental structures proposed by APOS Theory are actions, processes, objects, and schemas (and thus the acronym APOS). Infants quickly develop a schema for.